机器人超声（US）成像已被视为克服美国自由手检查的局限性，即操作员互操作机构的局限性。 \修订{然而，机器人美国系统在扫描过程中无法对主体运动做出反应，这限制了他们的临床接受。}关于人类超声检查员，他们经常通过重新定位探针甚至重新启动摄取，尤其是因为扫描而对患者的运动做出反应。具有较长结构等肢体动脉的解剖学。为了实现这一特征，我们提出了一个基于视觉的系统来监视受试者的运动并自动更新扫描轨迹，从而无缝获得目标解剖结构的完整3D图像。使用RGB图像中的分段对象掩码开发运动监视模块。一旦受试者移动，机器人将通过使用迭代最接近点算法在移动前后获得的对象的表面点云来停止并重新计算合适的轨迹。之后，为了确保重新定位US探针后的最佳接触条件，使用基于置信的微调过程来避免探针和接触表面之间的潜在间隙。最后，整个系统在具有不均匀表面的人类臂幻象上进行了验证，而对象分割网络也在志愿者上得到验证。结果表明，提出的系统可以对对象运动做出反应，并可靠地提供准确的3D图像。

阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）是痴呆症的最常见原因。早期检测对于减慢疾病并减轻与进展相关的风险至关重要。虽然MRI和FDG-PET的组合是诊断的最佳基于图像的工具，但FDG-PET并不总是可用。仅MRI对阿尔茨海默氏病的可靠检测可能是有益的，尤其是在FDG-PET可能对所有患者负担不起的地区。为此，我们提出了一种基于U-NET的多任务方法，该方法将T1加权MR图像作为输入，以生成合成FDG-PET图像，并将患者的痴呆症进展分为认知正常（CN），认知障碍（MCI）和广告。两个任务头中使用的注意门可以可视化大脑中最相关的部分，指导检查员并增加可解释性。结果表明，合成FDG-PET图像的成功产生以及幼稚单任务基线的疾病分类的性能提高。

在核医学中，规定放射性碘治疗以治疗甲状腺功能亢进等疾病。规定剂量的计算在甲状腺体积上取决于其他因素。目前使用传统的2D超声成像估计这一点。但是，这种模态本质上是依赖的，导致体积估计的高变异性。为了提高再现性和一致性，我们用甲状腺体积的自动机器人超声扫描唯一地结合了基于神经网络的分割。通过使用具有连接超声探头的6 DOF机器人臂实现机器人采集。其运动基于每个甲状腺叶的在线分割和美国图像的外观。在后处理期间，将美国图像分段以获得体积估计。在一种消融研究中，与机器人在体积精度方面执行的与机器人执行的天真线性运动相比，我们证明了机器人臂运动的运动引导算法的优越性。在对幻影的用户研究中，我们将传统的2D超声测量与机器人系统进行了比较。与地面真理相比，超声专家用户的平均体积测量误差可能会从20.85 +/- 16.10％显着降低到仅8.23 +/- 3.10％。在非专家用户中观察到这种趋势，其中测量了与机器人系统的平均误差改善，以高达85美元的价格，这显然显示了机器人支持的优势。

View-dependent effects such as reflections pose a substantial challenge for image-based and neural rendering algorithms. Above all, curved reflectors are particularly hard, as they lead to highly non-linear reflection flows as the camera moves. We introduce a new point-based representation to compute Neural Point Catacaustics allowing novel-view synthesis of scenes with curved reflectors, from a set of casually-captured input photos. At the core of our method is a neural warp field that models catacaustic trajectories of reflections, so complex specular effects can be rendered using efficient point splatting in conjunction with a neural renderer. One of our key contributions is the explicit representation of reflections with a reflection point cloud which is displaced by the neural warp field, and a primary point cloud which is optimized to represent the rest of the scene. After a short manual annotation step, our approach allows interactive high-quality renderings of novel views with accurate reflection flow. Additionally, the explicit representation of reflection flow supports several forms of scene manipulation in captured scenes, such as reflection editing, cloning of specular objects, reflection tracking across views, and comfortable stereo viewing. We provide the source code and other supplemental material on https://repo-sam.inria.fr/ fungraph/neural_catacaustics/

Edge computing is changing the face of many industries and services. Common edge computing models offload computing which is prone to security risks and privacy violation. However, advances in deep learning enabled Internet of Things (IoTs) to take decisions and run cognitive tasks locally. This research introduces a decentralized-control edge model where most computation and decisions are moved to the IoT level. The model aims at decreasing communication to the edge which in return enhances efficiency and decreases latency. The model also avoids data transfer which raises security and privacy risks. To examine the model, we developed SAFEMYRIDES, a scene-aware ridesharing monitoring system where smart phones are detecting violations at the runtime. Current real-time monitoring systems are costly and require continuous network connectivity. The system uses optimized deep learning that run locally on IoTs to detect violations in ridesharing and record violation incidences. The system would enhance safety and security in ridesharing without violating privacy.

Cognitive Computing (COC) aims to build highly cognitive machines with low computational resources that respond in real-time. However, scholarly literature shows varying research areas and various interpretations of COC. This calls for a cohesive architecture that delineates the nature of COC. We argue that if Herbert Simon considered the design science is the science of artificial, cognitive systems are the products of cognitive science or 'the newest science of the artificial'. Therefore, building a conceptual basis for COC is an essential step into prospective cognitive computing-based systems. This paper proposes an architecture of COC through analyzing the literature on COC using a myriad of statistical analysis methods. Then, we compare the statistical analysis results with previous qualitative analysis results to confirm our findings. The study also comprehensively surveys the recent research on COC to identify the state of the art and connect the advances in varied research disciplines in COC. The study found that there are three underlaying computing paradigms, Von-Neuman, Neuromorphic Engineering and Quantum Computing, that comprehensively complement the structure of cognitive computation. The research discuss possible applications and open research directions under the COC umbrella.

Reading comprehension of legal text can be a particularly challenging task due to the length and complexity of legal clauses and a shortage of expert-annotated datasets. To address this challenge, we introduce the Merger Agreement Understanding Dataset (MAUD), an expert-annotated reading comprehension dataset based on the American Bar Association's 2021 Public Target Deal Points Study, with over 39,000 examples and over 47,000 total annotations. Our fine-tuned Transformer baselines show promising results, with models performing well above random on most questions. However, on a large subset of questions, there is still room for significant improvement. As the only expert-annotated merger agreement dataset, MAUD is valuable as a benchmark for both the legal profession and the NLP community.

The application of deep learning algorithms to financial data is difficult due to heavy non-stationarities which can lead to over-fitted models that underperform under regime changes. Using the Numerai tournament data set as a motivating example, we propose a machine learning pipeline for trading market-neutral stock portfolios based on tabular data which is robust under changes in market conditions. We evaluate various machine-learning models, including Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDTs) and Neural Networks with and without simple feature engineering, as the building blocks for the pipeline. We find that GBDT models with dropout display high performance, robustness and generalisability with relatively low complexity and reduced computational cost. We then show that online learning techniques can be used in post-prediction processing to enhance the results. In particular, dynamic feature neutralisation, an efficient procedure that requires no retraining of models and can be applied post-prediction to any machine learning model, improves robustness by reducing drawdown in volatile market conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the creation of model ensembles through dynamic model selection based on recent model performance leads to improved performance over baseline by improving the Sharpe and Calmar ratios. We also evaluate the robustness of our pipeline across different data splits and random seeds with good reproducibility of results.

In this work, we address the problem of unsupervised moving object segmentation (MOS) in 4D LiDAR data recorded from a stationary sensor, where no ground truth annotations are involved. Deep learning-based state-of-the-art methods for LiDAR MOS strongly depend on annotated ground truth data, which is expensive to obtain and scarce in existence. To close this gap in the stationary setting, we propose a novel 4D LiDAR representation based on multivariate time series that relaxes the problem of unsupervised MOS to a time series clustering problem. More specifically, we propose modeling the change in occupancy of a voxel by a multivariate occupancy time series (MOTS), which captures spatio-temporal occupancy changes on the voxel level and its surrounding neighborhood. To perform unsupervised MOS, we train a neural network in a self-supervised manner to encode MOTS into voxel-level feature representations, which can be partitioned by a clustering algorithm into moving or stationary. Experiments on stationary scenes from the Raw KITTI dataset show that our fully unsupervised approach achieves performance that is comparable to that of supervised state-of-the-art approaches.

Automated text analysis has become a widely used tool in political science. In this research, we use a BERT model trained on German party manifestos to identify the individual parties' contribution to the coalition agreement of 2021.